Respiration of the Spring Peeper
All organisms must breathe in order to exert energy. Air in earth's atmosphere contains 21% oxygen and 78% nitrogen. [1] Air enters the alveoli, then to capillaries, and continues through the blood stream. Bodies use oxygen, while cell's metabolism produces and separates carbon dioxide(waste) which must be released back into the world. Through the bonding, breaking, and re-bonding of phosphate, energy is produced.
To put this more simply, there are two steps to breathing, inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is when air enters and organism, and expiration is when it exits.
[1]http://www.wisegeek.com/where-does-atmospheric-oxygen-come-from.htm
To put this more simply, there are two steps to breathing, inspiration and expiration. Inspiration is when air enters and organism, and expiration is when it exits.
[1]http://www.wisegeek.com/where-does-atmospheric-oxygen-come-from.htm
One of the three ways in which frogs breathe similar to humans, through their nostrils and lungs. Unlike humans, frogs do not have rib cages. To get around this, they push air down into their lungs by contracting and retracting their throat cavity/mouth.[2] This allows more and more air to enter their lungs. Finally, their lungs recoil, and the carbon dioxide produced is released through their nostrils. This form of respiration involves the frog's lungs, and is therefore called Pulmonary Respiration.[3]
[2]http://lcmrschooldistrict.com/roth/PowerPoint_Lectures/chapter38/videos_animations/frog_respiration.html
[3] http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_a_frog's_respiratory_system
[2]http://lcmrschooldistrict.com/roth/PowerPoint_Lectures/chapter38/videos_animations/frog_respiration.html
[3] http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_a_frog's_respiratory_system
Second on the list of way in which frogs exchange gases is through Buccal Respiration. Buccal relates to the mouth or cheek, where frogs have a thin membrane lining continueing down the pharynx, through which they can follow out gas exchanges. Through buccal pumping*, fresh air is forced into the lungs, and carbon dioxide out the nostrils. It is a much faster route to gas exchange than refilling their lungs repeatedly, and it practiced more commonly than Pulmonary Respiration. Because air intake during buccal methods is from the nostrils, frogs are able to use this process when partially submerged. During buccal inspiration, air passes from nostrils into the buccal cavity. Then it is moved into the lungs. Next, the carbon dioxide releases travel back to the buccal cavity WHILE the lungs still contain air. Finally, both the lungs and cavity close, expelling all gases.
*The buccal cavity, a.k. the mouth, is filled with air through the movement of surrounding muscles.
http://jenalyssamar.blogspot.com/2005/02/respiratory-surfaces-of-frog.html
*The buccal cavity, a.k. the mouth, is filled with air through the movement of surrounding muscles.
http://jenalyssamar.blogspot.com/2005/02/respiratory-surfaces-of-frog.html
The third method of gas exchange frogs use is called Cutaneous Respiration; the ability to "breathe" through one's skin. It allows frogs to sustain life while completely submerged-whether it be in water or in soil. While spring peepers are in the developmental stage known as "tadpoles", they must use Cutaneous Respiration to live. Fully developed frogs keep their skin so wet because it contains many blood vessels necessary to this form of breathing. [4] What traps water against their skin are frog's cutaneous glands, which release mucus. Through diffusion, the environment and skin interact, transferring air. The oxygen then dissolves directly into blood cells.
[4]http://www.brown.edu/Departments/Engineering/Courses/En123/MuscleExp/Frog%20Respiration.htm
[4]http://www.brown.edu/Departments/Engineering/Courses/En123/MuscleExp/Frog%20Respiration.htm